Peracetic acid (also known as peroxyacetic acid, or PAA), is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO3H. This organic peroxide is a colorless liquid with a characteristic acrid odor reminiscent of acetic acid. It can be highly corrosive.
Peracetic acid is a much weaker acid than the parent acetic acid, with a pKa of 8.2.
Production
Peracetic acid arises upon treatment of acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide, the equilibrium constant being 0.37 at room temperature:
H2O2 + CH3CO2H CH3CO3H + H2O
As an alternative, acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride can be used to generate products with lower water content.
Peracetic acid is produced by continuously feeding acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide into an aqueous reaction medium containing a sulfuric acid catalyst. The reaction is allowed to continue for up to ten days in order to achieve high yields of product according to the following equation.[2]
Peracetic acid production
Peracetic acid is always sold in solution with acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide to maintain the stability of the chemical. The concentration of the acid as the active ingredient can vary, and usually depends on its application. Additional methods of preparation involve the oxidation of acetaldehyde or, as an alternative, as an end-product of the reaction of acetic anhydride, hydrogen peroxide, and sulfuric acid. Another method involves the reaction of tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) in the presence of an alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution.[2] PAA is also formed naturally in the environment through a series of photochemical reactions involving formaldehyde and photo-oxidant radicals.